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Termites can distinguish nestmates and non-nestmates through compound communication and gut symbionts: compounds consisting of hydrocarbons discharged from the cuticle permit the recognition of alien termite species.148149 Every colony has its own distinct odour. This odour is due to genetic and environmental factors like the termites' diet and also the composition of the bacteria within the termites' intestines.150.

Termites rely on alert communication to defend a colony.134 Alarm pheromones can be released when the nest has been broken or is being assaulted by enemies or potential pathogens. Termites always avoid nestmates infected with Metarhizium anisopliae spores, through vibrational signals released by infected nestmates.151 Other methods of defence include intense jerking and secretion of fluids in the frontal gland and defecating faeces containing alarm pheromones.134152.

In some species, some soldiers block tunnels to prevent their enemies from entering the nest, and they may intentionally repaint themselves as an act of defence.153 In scenarios where the intrusion is coming out of a violation that is larger than the soldier's head, defence requires a special formations where soldiers shape a phalanx-like formation around the breach and bite at intruders.154 When an invasion completed by Megaponera analis is powerful, an entire colony could be destroyed, although this scenario is infrequent.154.

To termites, any violation of their tunnels or nests is a cause for alarm. When termites detect a potential violation, the soldiers normally bang their heads, apparently to entice other troops for defence and to recruit additional employees to repair any breach.56 Additionally, an alarmed termite lumps into other termites that induces them to become alerted and to leave pheromone trails to the distressed area, which can be a means to recruit extra workers.56.

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The pantropical subfamily Nasutitermitinae includes a specialised caste of soldiers, also known as nasutes, that have the capability to exude noxious liquids through a horn-like frontal projection they use for defence.155 Nasutes have dropped their mandibles throughout the plan of evolution and must be fed by employees.59 A vast array of monoterpene hydrocarbon solvents have been identified in the fluids which nasutes secrete.156 Similarly, Formosan subterranean termites have been known to secrete naphthalene to protect their nests.157.

Soldiers of those species Globitermes sulphureus commit suicide by autothysis  rupturing a large gland just beneath the surface of the cuticles. his explanation The thick, yellowish fluid in the gland gets very tacky on contact with the atmosphere, entangling ants or other insects that are trying to invade the nest.158159 Another termite, Neocapriterme taracua, also engages in suicidal defence.

When soldiers guarding nest entrances are attacked by intruders, they engage in autothysis, creating a block that denies entry to any outsider.161.

Employees use several different strategies to deal with their deceased, including burying, cannibalism, and avoiding a corpse altogether.162163164 To avoid pathogens, termites occasionally engage in necrophoresis, in which a nestmate carries a corpse from the colony to eliminate it everywhere.165 Which strategy is used depends on the nature of this corpse a worker is dealing with (i.e.

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A species of fungus is known to mimic termite eggs, successfully avoiding its natural predators. These small brown chunks, known as"termite balls", seldom kill the eggsand in certain circumstances the employees tend to them.166 This fungus mimics these eggs by producing a cellulose-digesting enzyme known as glucosidases.167 A unique mimicking behaviour exists between various species of Trichopsenius beetles and certain termite species within Reticulitermes.

This chemical mimicry allows the beetles to integrate themselves within the termite colonies.168 The developed appendages on the physogastric abdomen of Austrospirachtha mimetes enables the beetle to mimic a termite worker.169.

Some species of ant have been known to capture termites to utilize as a fresh food origin after on, rather than killing them. For example, Formica nigra captures termites, and people who attempt to escape are immediately captured and driven underground.170 Certain species of ants in the subfamily Ponerinae conduct these raids although other ant species move in alone to steal the eggs or nymphs.146 Ants such as Megaponera analis attack the outside of mounds and Dorylinae ants assault underground.146171 Despite this, some termites and ants can coexist peacefully.

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54 species of ants are known to inhabit Nasutitermes mounds, both inhabited and abandoned ones.174 One reason many ants live in Nasutitermes mounds is due to the termites' frequent occurrence in their geographic range; another is to protect themselves from floods.174175 Iridomyrmex webpage also inhabits termite mounds but no evidence for any Read Full Article kind of relationship (other than the usual predatory one) is known.116 In rare situations, certain species of termites live inside busy ant colonies.176 Some invertebrate organisms such as beetles, caterpillars, flies and millipedes are termitophiles and dwell inside termite colonies (they are unable to survive independently).56 As a result, certain beetles and flies have evolved with their hosts.